Challenges
Although attractive, m-learning is still not a complete solution to the challenges of English language learning. Researchers are concerned with the many challenges related to m-learning and its practical use in English language instruction. Mobile technology is still in its infancy. Therefore, its application in learning is an excellent challenge for instructional designers and educators. ELLs may require additional support or access to a wider variety of resources in order to complete learning goals. M-learning can support the various learning styles and needs of ELLs, as well as integration with peers who use English as their first language. While mobile technology provides differentiated support without drawing additional attention to ELLs , many challenges still exist and these will be discussed below.
Integration
Many educators are resistant to changes, especially ones that they may not fully understand. Viewing m-learning as a supportive technology that can enhance the learning experience of ELLs will take time and effort to catch on with a sometimes resistant client base (educators). "There are significant challenges to integrating m-learning technologies into the language-learning classroom. It is not an easy task to adopt e-learning or m-learning. Mobile applications cannot replace traditional school classrooms, and some researchers consider it as only a delivery channel” (Elaish et al., 2017). Thus it is critical for mainstream educators to acquire the attitudes, knowledge, and skills to effectively teach ELLs.
Cost
The financial cost of mobile devices, Internet access, user access for applications, and course implementation restrict less wealthy institutions from utilizing m-learning.
"Poor educational institutions are also confronted with the financial challenges of adopting m-learning, which can create educational gaps between them and wealthier schools. Furthermore, some applications must be paid for, which can place limits on usage among students and institutions” (Elaish et al., 2017).
Pedagogical Practice
Many teachers lack the experience, foundational knowledge, and technical background to implement m-learning effectively. This correlates to a minimized learning experience for ELLs. "Students lack sufficient opportunities to practice their language skills with teachers, classmates, and native English speakers. Some schools lack the English learning tools (hardware and software) for appropriate individual language instruction” (Elaish et al., 2017). Equally challenging is the fact that teachers and administrators continue to lack awareness and knowledge about the culture, history, values, and world view of ELL families who speak a language other than English (Nieto, 2000)
ACTIVITY
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